#quantumcomputing#shor'salgorithm#cryptography
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Computer scienceSecurityQuantum computingCryptographyAlgorithms
An explanation of how quantum computers work and how Shor's algorithm could break modern cryptographic systems.
A quantum computer in the next decade could crack the encryption our society relies on using Shor's Algorithm. Head to brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription. The topic is especially relevant in the wake of Willow, the quantum computing chip unveiled by Google in December 2024. #quantumcomputing ▀▀▀ A huge thank you to those who helped us understand this complex field and ensure we told this story accurately - Dr. Lorenz Panny, Prof. Serge Fehr, Dr. Dustin Moody, Prof. Benne de Weger, Prof. Tanja Lange, PhD candidate Jelle Vos, Gorjan Alagic, and Jack Hidary. A huge thanks to those who helped us with the math behind Shor’s algorithm - Prof. David Elkouss, Javier Pagan Lacambra, Marc Serra Peralta, and Daniel Bedialauneta Rodriguez. ▀▀▀ References: Joseph, D., et al. (2022). Transitioning organizations to post-quantum cryptography. Nature, 605(7909), 237-243. - ve42.co/Joseph2022 Bernstein, D. J., & Lange, T. (2017). Post-quantum cryptography. Nature, 549(7671), 188-194. - ve42.co/Bernstein2017 An Insight, An Idea with Sundar Pichai - Quantum Computing, Wold Economic Forum via YouTube - ve42.co/QCWEFyt Migrating to Post-Quantum Cryptography, The White House - ve42.co/PQCWhiteHouse Kotas, W. A. (2000). A brief history of cryptography. University of Tennessee - ve42.co/Kotas2000 Hellman, M. (1976). New directions in cryptography. IEEE transactions on Information Theory, 22(6), 644-654. - ve42.co/Hellman1976 Rivest, R. L., Shamir, A., & Adleman, L. (1978). A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems. Communications of the ACM, 21(2), 120-126. - ve42.co/Rivest1978 Kak, A. (2023). Lecture 12: Public-Key Cryptography and the RSA Algorithm - ve42.co/Kak2023 Calderbank, M. (2007). The RSA Cryptosystem: History, Algorithm, Primes. University of Chicago. - ve42.co/Calderbank2007 Cryptographic Key Length Recommendation, Keylength - ve42.co/KeyLength Coppersmith, D. (2002). An approximate Fourier transform useful in quantum factoring. arXiv preprint quant-ph/0201067. - ve42.co/Coppersmith2002 Quantum Fourier Transform, Qiskit - ve42.co/Qiskit Shor, P. W. (1994, November). Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. In Proceedings 35th annual symposium on foundations of computer science (pp. 124-134). IEEE. - ve42.co/Shor1994 Shor’s algorithm, Wikipedia - ve42.co/ShorWiki Euler’s totient function, Wikipedia - ve42.co/EulerWiki Asfaw, A. (2020). Shor’s Algorithm Lecture Series, Qiskit Summer School - ve42.co/ShorYT How Quantum Computers Break Encryption, minutephysics via YouTube - ve42.co/PQCmpyt Breaking RSA Encryption - an Update on the State-of-the-Art, QuintessenceLabs - ve42.co/QuintessenceLabs O'Gorman, J., & Campbell, E. T. (2017). QuantumWhat people say. Recommended as a fantastic breakdown of quantum computing and its ability to break current encryption.
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