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#quantumcomputing#shor'salgorithm#cryptography

What makes quantum computers SO powerful?

Veritasium

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Beginner. No background in the topic needed.

13M views3 years ago2 recommendations

Computer scienceSecurityQuantum computingCryptographyAlgorithms

An explanation of how quantum computers work and how Shor's algorithm could break modern cryptographic systems.

A quantum computer in the next decade could crack the encryption our society relies on using Shor's Algorithm. Head to brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription. The topic is especially relevant in the wake of Willow, the quantum computing chip unveiled by Google in December 2024. #quantumcomputing ▀▀▀ A huge thank you to those who helped us understand this complex field and ensure we told this story accurately - Dr. Lorenz Panny, Prof. Serge Fehr, Dr. Dustin Moody, Prof. Benne de Weger, Prof. Tanja Lange, PhD candidate Jelle Vos, Gorjan Alagic, and Jack Hidary. A huge thanks to those who helped us with the math behind Shor’s algorithm - Prof. David Elkouss, Javier Pagan Lacambra, Marc Serra Peralta, and Daniel Bedialauneta Rodriguez. ▀▀▀ References: Joseph, D., et al. (2022). Transitioning organizations to post-quantum cryptography. Nature, 605(7909), 237-243. - ve42.co/Joseph2022 Bernstein, D. J., & Lange, T. (2017). Post-quantum cryptography. Nature, 549(7671), 188-194. - ve42.co/Bernstein2017 An Insight, An Idea with Sundar Pichai - Quantum Computing, Wold Economic Forum via YouTube - ve42.co/QCWEFyt Migrating to Post-Quantum Cryptography, The White House - ve42.co/PQCWhiteHouse Kotas, W. A. (2000). A brief history of cryptography. University of Tennessee - ve42.co/Kotas2000 Hellman, M. (1976). New directions in cryptography. IEEE transactions on Information Theory, 22(6), 644-654. - ve42.co/Hellman1976 Rivest, R. L., Shamir, A., & Adleman, L. (1978). A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems. Communications of the ACM, 21(2), 120-126. - ve42.co/Rivest1978 Kak, A. (2023). Lecture 12: Public-Key Cryptography and the RSA Algorithm - ve42.co/Kak2023 Calderbank, M. (2007). The RSA Cryptosystem: History, Algorithm, Primes. University of Chicago. - ve42.co/Calderbank2007 Cryptographic Key Length Recommendation, Keylength - ve42.co/KeyLength Coppersmith, D. (2002). An approximate Fourier transform useful in quantum factoring. arXiv preprint quant-ph/0201067. - ve42.co/Coppersmith2002 Quantum Fourier Transform, Qiskit - ve42.co/Qiskit Shor, P. W. (1994, November). Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. In Proceedings 35th annual symposium on foundations of computer science (pp. 124-134). IEEE. - ve42.co/Shor1994 Shor’s algorithm, Wikipedia - ve42.co/ShorWiki Euler’s totient function, Wikipedia - ve42.co/EulerWiki Asfaw, A. (2020). Shor’s Algorithm Lecture Series, Qiskit Summer School - ve42.co/ShorYT How Quantum Computers Break Encryption, minutephysics via YouTube - ve42.co/PQCmpyt Breaking RSA Encryption - an Update on the State-of-the-Art, QuintessenceLabs - ve42.co/QuintessenceLabs O'Gorman, J., & Campbell, E. T. (2017). Quantum

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2 people recommend this

What people say. Recommended as a fantastic breakdown of quantum computing and its ability to break current encryption.

u/CookingAppleBearin r/compsci • Recommends

On “What are the chances are that quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptography already exists with one or more countries and is kept secret and probably weaponised like the British did during World War 2”

Fun timing, Veritasium actually put out a video closely related to this! link to this video

u/Boncester2018in r/compsci • Recommends

On “What are the chances are that quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptography already exists with one or more countries and is kept secret and probably weaponised like the British did during World War 2”

Veritasium did a fantastic breakdown of the quantum computer’s ability to break current encryption. He references a US document that instructs military branches to harden their encryption systems against “quantum” threats. It’s an absolutely fantastic video that gives a small window into the future of encryption and the technology systems that will try to break them. link to this video