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The Lighthill debate on Artificial Intelligence: "The general purpose robot is a mirage"

Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

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  • Recommended by 2 people: 1 on Hacker News and 1 on Lobsters.
  • A classic. People kept recommending it from 2019 to 2025.
  • May be out of date. Uploaded 8 years ago, in an area where tools change fast.
  • An opinion. It argues one side of a question engineers disagree on.

Intermediate. Assumes working knowledge.

14K views8 years ago2 recommendations

AI and machine learningHistory and cultureHistory of computingComputation and complexityPeople who shaped computing

The historic 1973 BBC debate on artificial intelligence featuring James Lighthill, John McCarthy, Donald Michie, and Richard Gregory.

Historical video about artificial intelligence and how the AI winter came in the 1970s This is the full video of the Lighthill debate on Artificial Intelligence, organized in 1973 to discuss the advances and limits of artificial intelligence, featuring James Lighthill, Donald Michie, Richard Gregory and John McCarthy. (This video was originally posted as a series of short videos on youtube.com/watch?v=yReDbeY7ZMU with the following text description:) In 1973, professor Sir James Lighthill was asked by Parliament to evaluate the state of AI research in the United Kingdom. His report, now called the Lighthill report, criticized the utter failure of AI to achieve its "grandiose objectives." He concluded that nothing being done in AI couldn't be done in other sciences. He specifically mentioned the problem of "combinatorial explosion" or "intractability", which implied that many of AI's most successful algorithms would grind to a halt on real world problems and were only suitable for solving "toy" versions. The report was contested in a debate broadcast in the BBC "Controversy" series in 1973. The debate "The general purpose robot is a mirage" from the Royal Institute was Lighthill versus the team of Michie, McCarthy and Gregory. The report led to the near-complete dismantling of AI research in England. Starring: James Lighthill, Donald Michie, Richard Gregory and John McCarthy. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthill_report en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_winter

Why it's here

2 people recommend this

What people say. Recommended for its historical value, documenting the debate that preceded the first AI winter and early robotics demonstrations.

AndrewOMartinon Hacker News • Recommends

On “Review of “Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey” (1993)”

Anyone interested in the History of AI can also watch the report being presented by Lighthill, and subsequently debated by John McCarthy, Donald Michie, and Richard Gregory. link to this video

telnilon Lobsters • Recommends

The Lighthill debate on Artificial Intelligence (1973)

bingohbangohon Hacker News • Mentions

On “AI Is No Match for the Quirks of Human Intelligence”

> ... "AI can't do X" until we actually achieve X and then the goalpost is moved. This gets said often but I don't think anybody whose credible in the field actually makes statements like this. Take Chess for instance. In the IBM "Big Blue" documentary from ~2004, they quote journalists as saying "AI can't play Chess as well as humans but if it could, then AI would be solved." Why did the techniques from Big Blue not seem to go anywhere? I know for a fact that scientists _were not saying this_. The Lighthill Debates on AI specifically talk about why playing games well doesn't really prove anything. 0 I do agree that OCR has improved greatly by AI but this feels very niche. Somebody mention…

YeGoblynQueenneon Hacker News • Mentions

On “Translating a Visual Lego Manual to a Machine-Executable Plan”

…bly plans from a visualisation of an already-known assembly plan. Even less so when the object assembled is just a toy. And it's been possible to assemble toys using machine vision, given a pre-determined set of instructions, from the 1970's already: (Donald Michie presenting the Edinburgh Research Purpose General Assembly Robot, a.k.a. "Freddy"): link to this video More info of Freddy here link Freddy was tediously hand-programmed with a full plan but it used vision and touch to find the pieces of the toy it assembles in the video.…

masswerkon Hacker News • Mentions

On “AI Hyperopia”

Ah, the AI versus advanced automation debate and the Lighthill Report (UK, 1973). 1 Report: link 2 Video of the public debate: link to this video

huppeldepupon Hacker News • Mentions

On “The Global Project to Make a General Robotic Brain”

I'd like you to view this demo from 1974 that showcases the then current state of research in AI. Then reflect that the research presented in the link is 50 years later. link to this video

YeGoblynQueenneon Hacker News • Mentions

On “DeepMind program finds diamonds in Minecraft without being taught”

Nice robot demo. Here's another one: link to this video A robot assembling a puzzle with machine vision! And it's only from the 1970's.