u/wk_endin r/osdev • Recommends
On “How to write an assembler from scratch for processor?”
"With no external computers and softwares" is an unrealistic ask and has been since, oh, the dawn of computing pretty much.
Take the 6502 - the first assemblers for it ran on minicomputers and were written in FORTRAN.
The earliest computers - up-to and including minicomputers or homebrew micros like the Altair - had physical switches and buttons that let you write binary data into RAM and control the CPU. If you really had no other machines to use to bootstrap them, you'd write your assembler on paper, hand-assemble it, and then manually enter it using those switches. Here's a video of that sort of thing being done on a Data General Nova. But that's not a useful skill to learn these day…