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On “Number of feature maps produced after each convolution layer in CNN's”
I too had this confusion for a while and only after some digging did the mist clear away.
Difference betweeen convolution with 1 channel and convolution with multiple channels
This is where my understanding was going wrong. I will make an attempt to explain this difference. I am no expert so please bear with me
Convolution operation with a single channel
When we think of a simple gray scale 32X32 image and a convolution operation we are applying 1 or more convolution matrixes in the first layer.
As per your example, each of these convolutional matrices of dimension 5X5 produces a 28x28 matrix as an output. Why 28X28? Because, you can slide a window of 5 pixels square in 32-5+1=28…