An explanation of the fundamentals of Proportional Integral Derivative controllers and how they are used in industrial processes.
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⌚Timestamps:
- Intro
- Examples
- PID Controller
- PLC vs. stand-alone PID controller
- PID controller parameters
- Controller tuning
- Controller tuning methods
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In this video, we’re going to talk about the PID Controller and its transformation from a single station device to what it has evolved into today. We’re going to explain why PID Controllers are used in industrial processes.
We’ll illustrate how Controller settings affect different processes under control. We’ll also provide an overview of Controller Tuning.
Let’s start with a discussion about home temperature control.
If the room temperature is below the setpoint, the furnace is turned ON. When the room temperature increases above the setpoint, the furnace turns OFF.
This type of control is referred to as ON/OFF or Bang-Bang Control. The temperature is not exactly held at the setpoint of 70°F, but cycles above and below the setpoint.
ON/OFF control may be ok for your house, but it is not ok for industrial processes or motion control. Let’s look at an example of tank level control to explain why.
The Valve fills the tank as the pump drains it. If the valve is operated with ON/OFF control, the water will fluctuate around the 50% setpoint. For our purpose, let’s say the fluctuation is ±10%. In most industrial applications, this fluctuation around the setpoint is not acceptable.
What if it’s possible to throttle the valve and place it in any position between ON and OFF?
Let’s look at how a PID Controller fits into a feedback control loop. The Controller is responsible for ensuring that the Process remains as close to the desired value as possible regardless of various disruptions.
The controller compares the Transmitter Process Variable (PV) signal, and the Setpoint.
Let’s refer to the difference between the Process Variable and the Setpoint as the Error signal.
Based on that comparison, the controller produces an output signal to operate the Final Control Element. This PID Controller output is capable of operating the Final Control Element over its entire 100% range.
The PID controller determines how much and how quickly correction is applied by using varying amounts of Proportional, Integral, and Derivative action. Each block contributes a unique signal that is added together to create the controller output signal.
- The proportional block creates an output signal proportional to the magnitude of the Error Signal.
Unfortunately, the closer you get to the setpoint, the less it pushes. Eventually, the process just runs continuously close to the setpoint, but not quite there.
- The integral block creates an output proportional to the duration and magnitude of the Error Signal. Th
Why it's here
1 person recommends this
What people say. Linked as a simple explanation of PID control, though some users note it focuses more on device implementation than tuning theory.
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u/eatin_gushersin r/embedded • Recommends
On “Understanding PID Control - Keeping It Simple”
This isn't an explainer of PID control, it's a description of potential implementation of a specific set of devices. He didn't even try to explain how to tune a PID, just said "the device can tune itself" which, while true for some devices, is not an explainer of what PID is or how to use one in any generic system.
Hereis a simple explanation that is tailored toward a different application but does actually describe what a PID controller is.
