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U.S. NAVY BASIC MECHANISMS OF FIRE CONTROL COMPUTERS MECHANICAL COMPUTER INSTRUCTIONAL FILM 27794

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History and cultureHardwareHistory of computingRetro computing

A 1953 US Navy training film explaining how mechanical components like gears, shafts, cams, and differentials perform mathematical computations.

The 1953 U.S. Navy training film (MN-6783a) Basic Mechanisms In Fire Control Computers, Part 1: Shafts, Gears, Cams and Differentials discusses some of the mechanisms that are required for the Fire Control Computer to function. The film opens with a Navy crew surrounding a Fire Control Computer (), which solves fire control problems—including the ship’s location, direction, speed, and the enemy ship’s location, direction, and speed—in a matter of seconds so that the ship’s guns may fire accurately and effectively. Though the computer processes the information in seconds, it cannot do its job without the work of Navy men. Men operate the director (), which provides target range and bearing information that is then entered into the computer (). Part 1 of the film uses graphics to show the mechanical operations of shafts, gears, cams, and differentials, all vital mechanisms inside the computer (). Shafts are used to carry values throughout the computer, where a revolution of a shaft corresponds to a numerical value (). Gears are used to transfer values from one shaft to another (); different sizes in gears can change the value of the ratio of shafts for more complex computations. Cams () are used as computing mechanisms in the computer. They have a working surface and a follower (; ). The film reviews the function of cams and the different types, including a reciprocal cam, square cam, tangent cam, time of flight cam, and barrel cam (). The latter is used to calculate trajectory for firing guns. Differentials () are the final mechanisms covered in Part 1. They are used in computers to continuously obtain the algebraic sum of two quantities, keeping up with the rapid changes of inputs of two quantities. A bevel gear differential () is commonly used in Fire Control Computers. The film discusses how this differential functions with its spider gears, spider shaft, and end gears. Simplifying the concept of a bevel gear differential, the film concludes with graphics that explain how the bevel gear differential works using two racks and a pinion. We encourage viewers to add comments and, especially, to provide additional information about our videos by adding a comment! See something interesting? Tell people what it is and what they can see by writing something for example: ":00 -- President Roosevelt is seen meeting with Winston Churchill at the Quebec Conference." This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD, 2k and 4k. For more information visit PeriscopeFilm.com

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11 people recommend this

What people say. Highly recommended as an exceptionally clear explanation of mechanical analog computing and fire control systems.

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Two gems (among many)... Periscope Films (on YouTube): link Digitized 40-60s era reels. It still amazes me how effectively they presented complex topics then. E.g. mechanical naval gunnery computers: link to this video And this on-the-ground movie on the Columbia student occupation in 1968: link

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You might like this video about the US Navy fire control computer. Mechanical yet also programmable. Eg with cam-based calculation modules like 1/x or differential gearings to perform addition : link to this video

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If you want more information on how you can do computation with mechanical systems, try this video: U.S. NAVY BASIC MECHANISMS OF FIRE CONTROL COMPUTERS MECHANICAL COMPUTER INSTRUCTIONAL FILM 27794 link to this video

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This could use a lot more visual aids. Here's a film that goes over a lot of the basics: "BASIC MECHANISMS IN FIRE CONTROL COMPUTERS" 1. It's a 1953 US Navy instructional film explaining how mechanical fire control computers worked. These machines took inputs giving the speed and direction the ship was traveling, the speed and direction the target was moving, the distance and direction to the target, the wind speed and direction, and other factors, and computed how to aim the guns to shell the target. 1 link to this video

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If you enjoy this, don't miss the video lecture on World War 2-era mechanical fire control computers by the U.S. Navy. I learned you can do a lot of computations with gears and shafts. link to this video

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…fect; the weirdly shaped cylinder inside the fire-control computer is a pre-computed solution that maps x/y coordinate inputs to a z-coordinate output (where "z" would be fed into the gun's raw aiming system). The different parameters of the gun were programmed in with gears and cranks, moving the cylinder around physically. For more details, see: link to this video Its a 20-minute video. The cylinder mechanism (of 2x inputs mapped to 1x output) is specifically talked about here: link to this video . Carefully crafted cylinders could be any pre-computed 2-input / 1-output function. --------- Mechanical computers are fun. Slide rules are but the simplest kind. People were using more complicated "mechanical compute…

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From top of head I really enjoy: MAPMAKING PROCESS, THE link mechanism computer of fire control computer (a classic) link to this video Physical science documentary series whose exact title I can't recall. It has been a while. To find more, my method is to do the occasional PeriscopeFilm binge (on youtube that digitizes a lot of old media, with great descriptions), always find find something interesting I haven't watched. If style, delivery really good, there's usually something in description to point to more. Like "U.S. NAVY TRAINING FILM", which usually returns playlists, and videos in same era often share quality. The technical ones generally don't disappoint. Another one is The Best Film Archive…

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I love this unique insight: "Fire control computers ... solve ... fire control problems." link to this video U.S. NAVY BASIC MECHANISMS OF FIRE CONTROL COMPUTERS MECHANICAL COMPUTER INSTRUCTIONAL FILM 27794