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On “How can I communicate between a Siemens S7-1200 and python?”
I would go with SNAP7 and python-snap7 libraries. Example on how to install it on a Raspberry pi found in this blog:
http://simplyautomationized.blogspot.com/2014/12/raspberry-pi-getting-data-from-s7-1200.html
Update:
Video walkthrough on how to set it up: link to this video